Temporomandibular joint disorder, or TMJ, is a condition that affects the jaw joint and surrounding muscles. While TMJ is more common in adults, children can also experience jaw pain, clicking, and discomfort due to problems with their temporomandibular joint. Understanding the signs, causes, and treatment options for TMJ in children can help parents ensure their child gets the care they need.
What Is TMJ?
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the hinge that connects the lower jaw (mandible) to the skull. This joint allows us to open and close our mouths, chew, speak, and yawn. When the TMJ becomes irritated or misaligned, it can lead to pain, stiffness, and other symptoms that affect daily activities.
Signs and Symptoms of TMJ in Children
Children may not always recognize or explain their discomfort, so parents should watch for signs of TMJ, including:
- Jaw pain or tenderness
- Clicking or popping sounds when opening or closing the mouth
- Difficulty chewing or biting into food
- Frequent headaches or earaches
- Jaw stiffness, especially in the morning
- Locking of the jaw (getting stuck in an open or closed position)
- Teeth grinding (bruxism), especially at night
If a child experiences these symptoms regularly, it’s important to see a dentist or specialist for evaluation.
What Causes TMJ in Children?
Several factors can contribute to TMJ problems in children:
- Teeth Grinding (Bruxism): Many children grind their teeth while sleeping, which puts stress on the jaw joint and surrounding muscles. Over time, this can lead to TMJ pain and discomfort.
- Bite Problems (Malocclusion): If a child’s teeth do not align properly, the jaw may have to work harder to bite and chew. This extra strain can cause jaw joint irritation and TMJ symptoms.
- Stress and Anxiety: Children who experience stress may develop habits like jaw clenching or teeth grinding, which can put pressure on the TMJ.
- Injury or Trauma: A blow to the jaw, face, or head can damage the TMJ, leading to pain and difficulty moving the jaw.
- Arthritis: Though rare in children, some may develop juvenile arthritis, which can affect the TMJ and cause joint pain or stiffness.
How Is TMJ in Children Treated?
The good news is that TMJ disorders in children are often temporary and can improve with proper care. Depending on the cause and severity of symptoms, treatment options may include:
Lifestyle Changes and Home Remedies
- Encourage children to eat soft foods that do not strain the jaw.
- Teach them to avoid chewing gum or biting on hard objects (like pens or fingernails).
- Apply a warm compress to relax the jaw muscles.
Mouthguards or Splints
If teeth grinding is a problem, a custom nightguard can help protect the teeth and reduce pressure on the TMJ.
Jaw Exercises
Stretching and strengthening exercises can help improve jaw function and relieve tension.
Stress Management
If stress or anxiety contributes to TMJ symptoms, relaxation techniques, breathing exercises, or counseling may help reduce jaw tension.
Dental or Orthodontic Treatment
If a child’s bite is misaligned, braces or other orthodontic treatments may help correct the issue and relieve TMJ strain.
When to See a Specialist
If a child’s TMJ symptoms persist, worsen, or interfere with daily activities, it’s important to seek professional care. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent long-term problems and help children maintain a healthy, pain-free smile.
At Dr. Handa’s office, we specialize in evaluating and treating TMJ disorders in children. If you notice any signs of TMJ in your child, schedule a visit with us to discuss the best treatment options. A healthy jaw means a happier, more comfortable life!